Teiu - From the year 1959 on the territory of the commune of Teiu (Argeş county) two Gumelniţa tells were researched by S. Morintz and I. Nania.
           The first tell lies in the flooding meadow of the river Mozacu, 500 m east of the village of Teiu, on the place named "Selişte", in the location of "Măgura". The height was 1 m at the most, with a diameter of 40 m at the most. The Eneolithic settlement belonging to the Gumelniţa culture phase B1 (phase A2 of this culture is poorly attested) was surrounded by a shallow ditch (1 m), but wide (6-7 m) and an inner earth vallum, that had a base of 6-8 m in width, extant up to 1 m. The "fortification" was later completed by a palisade - fence.
           The surface of the settlement inside the precinct - delimited by a vallum - is relatively low, not more than 20 m in diameter. They identified three dwelling layers destroyed by fire. The dwellings (aboveground) were rectangular in shape.
           The archaeological inventory is representative and rich: pottery, tools, various artifacts, weapons.

           Teiu Tell-ul 2 - 3 km south from tell 1 at Teiu, close to the village of Ciupa there is a tell researched only by surveys (known as tell 2 at Teiu).
           
           "Măgura Căluşarilor" - 5 km south-west from tell 1, at Negraşi, there is another tell, named "Măgura Căluşarilor" (not researched).
           
           Ziduri - "Măgura de Sub Cetate" 8 km south-west of tell 1 there is the tell at Ziduri - "Măgura de Sub Cetate" (the archaeological researches here have begun recently, in 2000).
           
           Morteni - 11 km south-east from tell 1 at Teiu there is the tell at Morteni (not researched).
           
           Popeşti - 18 km south from the tell at Teiu, at Popeşti (Argeş), another tell unfortunately was destroyed by the former IEELIF Argeş, however, not before conducting an archaeological survey with convincing results.

           Grădiştea Ulmilor - Situated on the territory of the Călăraşi county, commune of Ciocăneşti, the settlement is located on a mound, a low hillock in the middle of the former lake Boian. Between 1955 and 1965 it underwent systematic research by a team made up of Eugen Comşa, Maria Comşa, Dardu Nicolăescu Plopşor, Laurenţia Bibiri.
           The dwelling earlier than the Gumelniţa culture is marked by a Bolintineanu pit;
           The Gumelniţa dwelling is represented by several dwelling layers and fireplaces.
           The post- Gumelniţa dwelling:
           - Cernavodă layer 1 - pit
           - Latene layer - grave.
           
           References
           E. Comşa, Materiale VI, Bucureşti, 1959, p. 127-136
           Idem, Materiale VIII, Bucureşti, 1962, p. 205-213
           Idem, Materiale X, Bucureşti, 1973, p. 25-32.
           [V.P.]
           
           Grădiştea Ulmilor - Boian B - The settlement lies on a mound in the middle of the former lake Boian. In 1958 Dardu Nicolăescu Plopşor and Laurenţia Bibiri conducted a rescue research.
           The dwelling earlier than the Gumelniţa culture: - Bolintineanu pit
           Gumelniţa dwelling: several Gumelniţa layers - dwellings, fireplaces.
           The post- Gumelniţa dwelling:
           - level Cernavoda I
           - level Hallstatt
           
           References:
           V. Christescu, Dacia II, Bucureşti, 1925, p. 249-303
           E. Comşa, Materiale VII, Bucureşti, p. 63-71
           [V.P.]
           
           Şeinoiu - "La cimitir" - The settlement situated on the high terrace of Mostiştea.
           Mihai Şimon conducted a systematic research (1981, 1984).
           The Gumelniţa dwelling:
           - two Gumelniţa A2 layers
           - Gumelniţa B1 layer
           The post- Gumelniţa dwelling: - Dacian pits.
           [V.P.]
           
           Cuneşti - "Măgura Cuneşti" - The tell settlement is situated on the slow slope of the terrace of the Danube. They conducted rescue researches in 1930-1935 by Dorin Popescu and in 1980-81 by Eugen Comşa.
           The dwelling earlier than the Gumelniţa culture: - pottery fragments belonging to the Boian culture (Vidra phase).
           The Gumelniţa dwelling: - 8 Gumelniţa A1 layers and Gumelniţa B, without delimiting layers; - dwellings, fireplaces, pits.
           The post- Gumelniţa dwelling: - late feudal cemetery.
           
           References:
           D. Popescu, Dacia V-VI, Bucureşti 1938, p. 109 - 120
           E. Comşa, Materiale XV, Bucureşti, 1983, p. 65 - 70
           E. Comşa, Materiale XVI, Bucureşti, 1986, p. 53 - 58
           [V.P.]
           
           Rasa - "Stăvilarul Gălăţuiului" - The settlement situated at the edge of the high terrace of lake Gălăţui. In 1954 a field research was conducted (Niţă Anghelescu, Apostol Anastasiu, Niculae Conovici).
           The Gumelniţa dwelling: - Gumelniţa A2 layer.
           
           References:
           Niţă Anghelescu, SCIV, VI, 1-2, 1955, p. 317 - 318.
           [V.P.]
           
           Potcoava - the south bank of Barza Pond - The settlement is situated on the high terrace of Barza Pond. In 1954 a field research was conducted (Niţă Anghelescu, Apostol Anastasiu, Niculae Conovici).
           The Gumelniţa dwelling: - Gumelniţa A1 layer - dwellings
           
           References:
           Niţă Anghelescu, SCIV VI, 1-2, 1955, p. 320.
           [V.P.]
           
           Măriuţa "La Movilă" - The settlement is situated on the territory of Călăraşi county, the commune of Belciugatele. The settlement is situated on the high terrace of Mostiştea.
           Systematic researches were conducted between 1984 and 1991 by Mihai Şimon; 2000 - Marian Neagu, Valentin Parnic, Eugen Paveleţ, D. Chiriac; 2001 - Marian Neagu, Valentin Parnic , D. Chiriac, Silvia Marinescu-Bîlcu - scientific consultant.
           The dwelling earlier than the Gumelniţa culture is marked by a Boian - Vidra layer, destroyed by the first Gumelniţa layer.
           The Gumelniţa dwelling includes two Gumelniţa B1 layers (dwellings, fireplaces).
           The post-Gumelniţa dwelling is represented by a late feudal layer, 16^th - 17^th centuries.
           
           References:
           Mihai Şimon, CCDJ, 13-14, 1995.
           [V.P.]
           
           Căscioarele "Ostrovel" - The settlement is situated on the territory of Călăraşi county, commune of Căscioarele "in a bay of the lake Cătălui at the edge of the commune there is a tell island" D = 57x103 m; the thickness of the Neo-Eneolithic layers is over 5 m.
           Systematic researches were conducted in 1924 by Gh. Ştefan and resumed between 1962 and 1968 by a team made up of: Vladimir Dumitrescu, Hortensia Dumitrescu, Silvia Marinescu - Bîlcu, Ersilia Tudor, Barbu Ionescu.
           The dwelling earlier than the Gumelniţa culture is marked by a Boian - Spanţov layer (4035 ± 100; 3620 ± 100): 2.80/3.20 m - 4.60 m.
           L11/1968 - The shrine was uncovered in the central area of the settlement, oriented east-westwards, that must have been 16x10 m (it was not uncovered over the whole surface, because the increase in the level of the lake Cătălui by works made it impossible to continue the archaeological excavations in 1969); with two rooms. In the first room they discovered two painted columns, one empty inside, with two works. The first column has been preserved along 1.90 m (initially it had 2 m), the maximum diameter of 41/43 cm; the diameter of the second column does not exceed 9/10 cm. The pole pits around the big column that had no architectonic functionality were linked to a "canopy or double screen inside which the column was protected from indiscretions" - the latter represented a place of worship "ensuring the communication with the sky". The cult destination of this construction is suggested also by the adult's skeleton uncovered between two columns (closer to the bigger one).
           The Boian-Spanţov layer was covered by two flood layers.
           The Gumelniţa dwelling is represented by:
           - the Gumelniţa A2a, A2b, A2c layers (3915 ± 150; 3450 ± 120). Aboveground dwellings with a very rich inventory were uncovered; in the debris from the central dwelling a miniature shrine was discovered. artifacts, weapons.
           Under the floors of the dwellings 11 children's graves were uncovered, in a crouched position on the left, with the same orientation;
           - the Gumelniţa B1 layer: it is excavated entirely, over 2200 sq.m. 16 dwellings were identified as well as an annex construction - with a very rich inventory: 3 "Tessalian" statuettes, bone figurines, a Cucuteni fragmentary anthropomorphic vessel, with a two-colour painting (typical of Cucuteni A3), zoomorphic vessels, rhyton, miniature chairs, single-valve clay dies for copper axes; L.1 - 14 x 9 m²; close to the kiln two skulls were discovered (chopped off from the base of the skull) situated 0.60 m one from another "it might be said looking at each other" (Vl. D.).
           - L.2 - "workshop" dwelling for silex tools (axes);
           - L.3 - 8 x  6.5 m².
           - L.4 - near the fireplace of the dwelling they uncovered over 100 'prismatic oval' clay weights with various signs in the area of the base; L.16 - 4 x 4 m².
           The post-Gumelniţa dwelling is marked by finds:
           - Cernavodă I, stray pottery fragments, without being a dwelling layer;
           - Hallstatt A - pits with ritually broken pottery;
           - Getic artifacts
           - a Sarmatian incineration grave uncovered by chance (1942).
           
           References:
           Gh. Ştefan, Dacia, II, 1925, p. 138 - 197.
           Vl. Dumitrescu, SCIV., 16,1965, 2, p. 215 - 237; Archaeology, 18, 1965, p. 34 - 40; Archeologia. Trésor des âges, 32, 1970, p. 74 şi urm.; Dacia NS. 14, 1970, p. 5 - 24.
           H. Dumitrescu, Dacia N.S. 12, 1968, p 381 - 394.
           S. Marinescu - Bîlcu, Archeologicke Rozhledy, Praha, 18, 1, 1965, p. 48 - 53
           [V.V.]
           
           Gumelniţa - The location is situated "5 km East from Olteniţa on an erosion witness broken off the high terrace of the Danube". The settlement stretches over about 2 ha, and to the south there is a smaller tell.
           On the bank opposite the dale separating the Gumelniţa mound from the rest of the terrace there is a cemetery.
           Systematic researches were conducted between 1924 and 1925, in 1960 by Vladimir Dumitrescu, Barbu Ionescu.
           The dwelling earlier than the Gumelniţa culture is marked by a few Boian fragments.
           The Gumelniţa mound could be inhabited from the final phases of the Boian culture, although these fragments may come also from the Boian settlement identified in 1961 on one of the neighbouring terraces".
           The Gumelniţa culture (4 layers):
           - the Gumelniţa A2a layer:
           3.00 m represents "the Gumelniţa A2 phase in full swing": copper artifacts, anthropomorphic golden pendant";<
           - Gumelniţa A2b layer: 1.50/1.70 m
           - Gumelniţa A2c layer: 0.70/1.00 m "the end of the Gumelniţa A2 phase and possibly the passing to the Gumelniţa B"; in the layer they uncovered several anthropomorphic figurines: the lovers' pair, the "Tessalian" statuette;
           - the Gumelniţa B1 layer: (3765 ± 70) bone figurines
           - in all the four layers they uncovered aboveground dwellings with rich inventory. The floor was of beaten earth covered by clay and the "walls of rather thick poles linked by wattle and a lot of clay in which straw and dust mixed up". (Vl. D.).
           The post- Gumelniţa dwelling is represented by Cernavodă 1 pottery fragments over the last Gumelniţa B layer (down to -0.60/0.70 m), without being a proper dwelling layer.
           
           References:
           Vl. Dumitrescu, Dacia I, 1924, p. 325 - 342; Dacia II, 1925, p. 29 - 103; Dacia N.S. 8, 1964, p. 53 - 66; Archaeology, 19, 1966, p. 162 - 172, SCIV. 17, 1966, 1, p. 51-99.
           O. Necrasov, S. Haimovici, SCIV, 17, 1966, 1, p. 101-108.
           [V.V.]
           
           Ulmeni "În curtea lui Gheorghe Coman" The settlement is situated on a hill spur; archaeological surveys were conducted (between 1963 and 1970 by Barbu Ionescu) that pointed out the presence of Gumelniţa archaeological material (phases A1 and A2).
           
           References:
           M. Cârciumaru, Dacia, N.S., 29, 1985, p. 125 - 127
           [D.S.]
           
           Chirnogi "Florea Baltag" - The tell is on the low terrace of the Danube, 3 km west from Chirnogi. In 1961 an archaeological survey was conducted by Sebastian Morintz, Petre Roman, Barbu Ionescu.
           The pre-Gumelniţa dwelling is marked by Boian culture archaeological material (Vidra and Spanţov phases).
           The Gumelniţa culture layers date back to phases A1 and A2.
           The post-Gumelniţa dwelling: - Cernavodă I settlement.
           
           References:
           S. Morintz, B. Ionescu, SCIV, 19, 1, 1968, p. 95 - 125.
           [D.S.]
           
           Vlădiceasca "Gherghelăul Mare" - The tell is on an isle in the middle of lake Frăsinet.
           Systematic researches were conducted (1972-1983) by George Trohani, Barbu Ionescu, Done Şerbănescu, Mircea Udrescu.
           The dwelling earlier than the Gumelniţa culture is marked by Boian culture archaeological material (Vidra and Giuleşti phases).
           The Gumelniţa culture layers date back to phases A1, A2 and B1, respectively.
           The post-Gumelniţa dwelling: - Geto-Dacian settlement from the 3^rd - 1^st centuries BC.
           
           References:
           G. Trohani, CAMNI, 2, 1976, P. 87 - 129; CCDJ, 3 - 4, 1976, p. 53 - 61.
           D. Şerbănescu, CCDJ, 15, 1997, p. 233.
           [D.S.]
           
           Măgureni (Pârlita) "Gerghelău" - The tell is situated on an isle in the middle of Pârlita pond.
           Systematic researches were conducted (1938, 1981) by Dinu V. Rosetti and Cornel Hălcescu, respectively.
           The Gumelniţa culture layers date back to phases A2 and B1, respectively.
           Unpublished
           [D.S.]
           
           Căscioarele "D-aia parte" - The settlement is on a terrace spur on the edge of the lake Cătălui.
           Systematic researches were conducted (1963 - 1971; 1991 - 1997) by Barbu Ionescu, Done Şerbănescu, Valeriu Sârbu, Stănică Pandrea, Paul Damian.
           The dwelling earlier than the Gumelniţa culture is marked by Dudeşti cultures archaeological material (Cernica phase), Boian, (Vidra and Spanţov phases).
           The Gumelniţa dwelling is marked by a phase A1 layer.
           The post-Gumelniţa dwelling: - Bronze Age graves (Tei culture);
           - Geto-Dacian fortress; 4^th-3^rd centuries BC.
           
           References:
           V. Sârbu, Revista Bistriţei, 8, 1994, p. 25.
           D. Şerbănescu, CCDJ, 15, 1997, p. 81 - 96.
         
           
           Cernavodă I - he settlement is on the bank of the Danube, on the north-east edge of the city (C. Schuchhardt, 1924, pp. 9-27).  The study of the archaeological material here and its corroboration with similar finds on Romania's territory made possible a better scientific interpretation (I. Nestor and A. Langdorff, 1929, pp. 200-229). By resuming the archaeological excavations (sections S.A.-S.E.), Ion Nestor defined for the first time a regional aspect of the Gumelniţa culture, the "Cernavodă aspect", later called the Dobrudja variant. As regards the stratigraphical interpretation according to which "at Cernavodă there are not two civilization layers, comprising two distinct phases of the same civilization, but a single layer" (I. Nestor, 1937, p. 3); later researches did not confirm this hypothesis. The large amount of black pottery from the lower layer, as well as the presence of forms specific of the early phase - fruit vessel with foot, bowls with straight shoulder of Boian tradition - make us consider that the settlement was inhabited also in the early phase of the culture, and two layers existed.
          
           References:
           C. Schuchhardt, Prähistorische Zeitschrift, 15, 1924, p. 9 - 27.
           A. Langsdorff, I. Nestor, Prähistorische Zeitschrift, 20, 1929, p. 200 - 229.
           I. Nestor, Analele Dobrogei, XVIII, 1937, p. 1 - 21.
           P. Haşotti, Epoca neolitică în Dobrogea, 1997.
           [V.V.]
           
           Cernavodă II - Close by, on the hill south of the Schuchhardt tell - the location of "Cetatea Veche" - (sections S.I - S.VII) they uncovered an inhumation grave 1.20 m deep, oriented south-south-east-north-north-westwards, in crouched position on the right. Starting from the funerary inventory - a biconical jar and an askos -, the author of the find assigns it also to the Gumelniţa culture: "Judging from the vessel to the right (bowl) the grave belongs to the Gumelniţa culture (...); however, we cannot know whether it belongs to the aspect represented in the neighbouring tell. The vessel to the left (askos) has very good analogies within the Gumelniţa culture, however it is unique in the form details it has". (I. Nestor, 1937, p. 2) - later being dated to the Gumelniţa A1 phase (P. Haşotti, 1997, p. 89). Taking into account the non-typical shape of the bowl, as well as the shape of the askos vessel, not found in the Gumelniţa culture, we are reluctant to accept the chronology proposed for this grave.
           
           References:
           I. Nestor, Analele Dobrogei, XVIII, 1937, p. 1 - 21.
           P. Haşotti, Epoca neolitică în Dobrogea, 1997.
           [V.V.]
            
           
           Medgidia I - point "Cantonul 4" - The tell situated 200 m east from the Medgidia railway station was researched by rescue works (1957-1958), a great part was destroyed by railway organization works (district 4). Of relatively small sizes (45 x 50 m; h = 5 m), the settlement developed on the north edge of the former Carasu pond. Earlier than the Gumelniţa dwelling the area was flooded, at the basis of the tell they uncovered a sludge layer 10[-12 cm thick. Although it was a rescue work, the archaeological excavation spanned a considerable surface (352 m ² surfaces S.A., S.B., S.C. and ditches 1-6). The settlement evolved for a long time, with four dwelling layers - Gumelniţa A1 and A2, the thickness of the culture layer ranging from 2.20 to 2.70 m. Out of the 15 dwellings identified, only four could be researched entirely. The "mill" dwelling (L.1), having two rooms (the N room (A) - 8 x 6 m and the S room (B) - 8 x 4 m) provided richer finds: 5 large vessels (h- 95/110 cm; Dg - 80/90 cm, close by, also in the room A, two hand mills fastened on a clay pedestal; in room B 30 silex blades and scrapers, other small vessels.
           Also in layer III - dwelling L.3 (Gumelniţa A2) also a few cult pieces were uncovered: two anthropomorphic figurines fragments - one modelled in clay, the other cut in bone - and a zoomorphic one representing a tortoise, a zoomorphic vessel (bird), two human clay feet, with an orifice in the upper part.
           The archaeozoological researches, although concise, pointed out the prevalence of horned animals (bovines 41%, sheep and goats 31%), hunting playing a secondary role (11%). The food necessities was completed by fish, shells, and birds. At the same time, the presence of fragments from tortoise shells and fronts among domestic waste suggests its possible use as food. (N. Harţuche, O. Bounegru, 1997, pp. 17 - 104).
           
           References:
           P. Haşotti, Epoca neolitică în Dobrogea, 1997.
           N. Harţuche, O. Bounegru, Pontica, XXX, 1997, p. 17 - 104.
           [V.V.]
           
           Medgidia II - km 23 on the Danube - Black Sea Channel - The settlement is situated on the Carasu Valley and was identified by Eugen Mihail following field researches. The Gumelniţa culture archaeological material, however, is not specified.
           
           References:
           P. Haşotti, Pontica XXI - XXII, 1988 - 1989, p. 7 - 21.
           [V.V.]
           
           Ghindăreşti - Mentioned as early as the end of the 19^th century 2 km south of the village, the open settlement of Ghindăreşti did not enjoy too much interest from archaeologists. Its research consists only of small stratigraphical surveys conducted by Sebastian Morintz and Done Şerbănescu (1969) after a part of the settlement had been destroyed by the works at a railway tunnel (today dismantled) and at the highway linking the Stânca - Topalu quarry to the barge loading place. The Gumelniţa dwelling layer - phases A1 and A2 - does not exceed 1 m. In the north part of the hill spur on which the settlement developed there occurred "clay bound limestone stones, making up a vallum strengthening the slope (...) and surrounding the entire settlement". It is not out of question for a clay bound stone fortification to exist, a similar situation being mentioned at Goljamo Delcevo (H. Todorova, 1975). However, taking into account the complexity of the stratigraphy and the restricted area of the researches we stick to the authors' observations, while future researches will confirm or not the proposed dating.
          The post-Gumelniţa dwelling:
           - Cernavoda level
           - Coslogeni level
           - Hallstatt level
           - Roman level
           
           References:
           S. Morintz, D. Şerbănescu, SCIV., XXV, 1974, 1, p. 47 - 69
           P. Haşotti, Epoca neolitică în Dobrogea, 1997
           [V.V.]
           
           Hârşova-tell (I) is one of the large settlements of this type uncovered in south-east Europe.  It grew on a cliff covered by sand, brought by the Danube. Its considerable sizes (200 x 150 m; H= 12 m) and long evolution of the settlement can be explained by its very favourable position - linking points between Dobrudja and the Romanian Plain, situated between Ialomiţa pond and Brăila pond, close to the place where Ialomiţa flows into the Danube. the gradual flow of the river to the east and the human actions brought about the destruction of a large part of the settlement.
           The first archaeological researches were smaller, just a stratigraphical survey (S.A.) conducted down to the base of the tell. The dwelling begins at the Boian-Vidra layer and continues, without hiatus, during the Boian - Spanţov stages, Gumelniţa A1 and A2 up to Cernavodă 1a phase,  a layer where Cucuteni A4 imports were discovered (P. Haşotti, 1997, p. 79). The presence of large number of Hamangia III pottery fragments in the Boian IV layer "reaching parity" raised for the first time the issue of the cohabitation between the two contemporary communities and also pointed out the participation of the Hamangia culture in the genesis of the dobrudja variant. Starting from the stratigraphy here Doina Galbenu issued the hypothesis of an early phase - "Hârşova phase" - earlier than the Gumelniţa A1 dwelling in the Romanian Plain "discovered for the time being only on Dobrudja's territory" (D. Galbenu, 1962, p. 292). Later on, Mihai Şimon proved the uselessness of this phase, by comparing the finds at Hârşova with those at Tangâru (Mihai Şimon, p. 359). By resuming the study of the pottery material we could notice certain incongruities between the pottery types and the cultural dating proposed by the author. Thus, the vessels discovered in dwelling L.9, considered by Doina Galbenu specific only of the "Hârşova phase", can be found in the entire Gumelniţa area in layer A1 "fruit vessels" with high foot, empty inside, cylindrical "support-tables" with one, two or more orifices. The artificial presence of this layer in the stratigraphy proposed by Doina Galbenu is proved also by the unnatural gap of the cultural stages.
           The resumption of the archaeological researches (1985) over a larger surface (S.B.) made possible a better knowledge on the Gumelniţa A2 layer (-3.90/-1.65 m). The constructions uncovered in this layer include: the dwelling with altar L.11, the dwellings with wooden platform, dwellings with foundation pit, the dwelling L 48 - not fired, uncovered almost entirely, with two rooms, each with fireplace and kiln. The practice of human sacrifices was documented by the discovering of three children's graves under the floors of the dwellings.
           The interdisciplinary studies, concentrated above all on the domestic waste areas (C 521), enriched a lot the earlier data on the economy of the Gumelniţa communities at this chronological layer. The initiation of the Romanian-French cooperation program opened new perspectives on archaeological research. Thus, the use of the microstratigraphical method made it possible to notice certain details, hardly noticeable before: unfired dwellings with platform and sanitary void, the remaking of dwellings with foundation pits approximately on the same site, the organization of the inner space according to the specificity of domestic activities - food preparing spaces, desks for vessels, dismantled spaces used for depositing (D. Popovici et al., 2001).
           
           References:
           D. Galbenu, SCIV., XIII, 1962, 2, p. 285 - 307
           D. Popovici, P. Haşotti, D. Galbenu, C. Nicolae, Cercetări Arheologice, IX, 1992, p. 8 - 11
           D. Popovici, P. Haşotti, Pontica XXI - XXII, 1988 - 1989, p. 291 - 297
           P. Haşotti, D. Popovici, Pontica XXV, 1992, p. 15 - 44
           D. Popovici, Y. Rialland, Viaţa pe malul Dunării acum 6500. Expoziţie româno - franceză, 1996
           D. Popovici şi colab., Cercetări arheologice, XI, partea I, 1998 - 2000, p. 13 -124
           [V.V.]
           
           Hârşova (II) - We deal with a grave situated "a few hundreds meters SE from the tell", systematically researched by Ernest Oberlander.
           The Gumelniţa culture phase 2 grave: an inhumation grave in an oval pit. The skeleton is oriented east-westwards, in a crouched position on the left. The funerary inventory includes a bowl, a silex tip and scraper.
           The assembly is disturbed by another Roman period grave.            
           References:
           P. Haşotti, Epoca neolitică în Dobrogea, 1997, p. 89
           [V.V.]
           
           Hârşova "La Releu" - The (temporary?) settlement situated on the left terrace of the Danube, about 5 km north from the tell under research.
           Surveys were conducted:
           1992, 1993, 1994 - Cătălin Bem, Carmen Bem, Marian Tudoran, Costin Tudor.
           The dwelling earlier than the Gumelniţa culture is marked by Hamangia III and Boian Spanţov cultures pottery fragments.
           The Gumelniţa culture pottery material dates from phase A2.
           The post-Gumelniţa dwelling is represented by Babadag II and Dridu cultures pottery fragments.

           
           References:
           C. Bem, Despre un obiect de decorat ceramica, comunicare susţinută la Sesiunea de rapoarte şi comunicări ştiinţifice, Slobozia 1992.
           [C.B.]
           
           Hârşova "La Lac" - The (temporary?) settlement situated on the left terrace of the Danube, about 6 km south from the tell under research.
           Surveys were conducted:
           1994, 1995 - Dragomir Popovici, Cătălin Bem, Florin Vlad, Valentina Voinea, Carmen Bem.
           The Gumelniţa culture pottery material dates from phase A2.
           The post-Gumelniţa dwelling is represented by Bronze Age and Dridu culture pottery fragments.
           
           References:
           Unpublished
           [C. B.]
           
           Cheia "Peştera de la Casian" (Peştera cu Cristale) - The cave opens in the right lime terrace of Casimcea, about 75 m relative altitude; about 3 km south-west from the village of Cheia and about 4 km north-west from the village of Casian.
           Surveys were conducted:
           1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 - Cătălin Bem, Carmen Bem, Dan Fătu, Mitică Iosif, Cătălin Dobrinescu, Marian Tudoran, Costin Tudor.
           The pre-Gumelniţa dwelling is marked by Hamangia III and Boian Spanţov cultures pottery fragments.
           The Gumelniţa pottery material probably belongs to phase A1.
           The archaeological materials are concentrated only in the hall at the entrance to the cave, the only one suitable for the dwelling.
           Two inscriptions, dated in the moment of the 10^th-11^th centuries discovery, were published by Emilian Alexandrescu et alii.

           
           References:
           Em. Alexandrescu et alii, Pontica 19, 1986, p. 243-252.
           C. Bem, Observaţii arheologice asupra Peşterii de la Casian (jud. Constanţa), comunicare susţinută la Sesiunea Pontica 1992.
           
           [C. B.]
           
           Limanu "Peştera de la Limanu" - The cave is on the edge of lake Limanu, about 2 km east from the village.
           Surveys were conducted:
           1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 - Cătălin Bem, Dan Fătu.
           The Gumelniţa pottery material probably belongs to phase A2.
           
           References:
           C. Bem, Noi date cu privire la Peştera de la Limanu, comunicare susţinută la Sesiunea de rapoarte şi comunicări ştiinţifice, Slobozia 1992.
           [C. B.]
           
           Cochirleni I - The settlement is situated 500 m north from the end of the vallum and was mentioned following a survey by Petre Diaconu. The archaeological material belongs to the Gumelniţa culture, however it is not specified to which phase.
           
           References:
           E. Comşa, Revista Muzeelor, 5, 1977, p. 66 - 70.
           [V.V.]
           
           Cochirleni II - The settlement is situated about 800 m west from the fortress of Pătul and was mentioned following a survey by A. Panaitescu. The archaeological material belongs to the Gumelniţa culture, however it is not specified to which phase.
           
           References:
           P. Haşotti, E. Mihail, Pontica XVI, 1983, p. 285 - 294.
           P. Haşotti, Pontica XXI - XXII, 1988 - 1989, p 7 - 21.
           [V.V.]
           
           Ivrinezu Mare - The settlement is situated 2 km north - north-west from the village, close to lake Cochirleni.
           It was mentioned following a survey by Puiu Haşotti and Eugen Mihail. Close by there is a Hamangia culture settlement.
           The Gumelniţa dwelling is attested by "two Gumelniţa culture pottery fragments" (p. 291), however it is not specified to which phase.
           
           References:
           P. Haşotti, E. Mihail, Pontica XVI, 1983, p. 285 - 294.
           [V.V.]
           
           Fântâna Mare - The settlement was mentioned by Puiu Haşotti, and the material picked up can be found at the Museum of National History and Archaeology in Constanţa. The archaeological material belongs to the Gumelniţa culture, however it is not specified to which phase.
           
           References:
           P. Haşotti, Pontica XXI - XXII, 1988 - 1989, p. 7 - 21.
           P. Haşotti, Epoca neolitică în Dobrogea, 1997.
           [V.V.]
           
           Vlădeni - The settlement was mentioned by Puiu Haşotti, and the material picked up can be found at the Museum of National History and Archaeology in Constanţa. The archaeological material belongs to the Gumelniţa culture, however it is not specified to which phase.
           
           References:
           P. Haşotti, Pontica XXI - XXII, 1988 - 1989, p. 7 - 21.
           P. Haşotti, Epoca neolitică în Dobrogea, 1997.
           [V.V.]
           
           Esichioi - Movila "Moş Manea" - The settlement was mentioned by Petre Diaconu, following a survey. The archaeological material belongs to the Gumelniţa culture, however it is not specified to which phase.
           
           References:
           E. Comşa, Revista Muzeelor, 5, 1977.
           P. Haşotti, Pontica XXI - XXII, 1988 - 1989, p. 7 - 21.
           [V.V.]
           
           Târguşor - Grădina - The settlement was mentioned by Alexandru Păunescu, following a survey. The archaeological material belongs to the Gumelniţa culture, however it is not specified to which phase.
           
           References:
           E. Comşa, Revista Muzeelor, 5, 1977.
           [V.V.]
           
           Târguşor - Cheia "Silişte" - The settlement was mentioned by Nicolae Harţuche, following a survey. The Gumelniţa dwelling is marked by a Gumelniţa A1 layer (Gumelniţa 1c - 2a N. Harţuche).
           
           References:
           N. Harţuche, Pontica IX, 1976, p. 13 - 21.
           [V.V.]
           
           Cheia - Peştera "La Izvor" - Cave dwelling - the cave is situated in the south-west part of the village, on the right side of Ghelengic Valley, close to the confluence with Casimcea 25 m high; the cave was dug in late Jurassic limestone in the Riss - Wurm interglacial penultimate.  Sizes: length = 15 m, width = 6 m.
           Between 1956 and 1957 "the cave was dug entirely (...). The researches were conducted by C.S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor and Alexandru Păunescu.
           The dwelling earlier than the Gumelniţa - Musterian layer; Hamangia III layer.
           Locuirea gumelniţeană este marcată de un nivel aparţinând fazei A1 (a culturii Gumelniţa).
           The Gumelniţa dwelling is marked by a layer belonging to phase A1 (Gumelniţa culture).
         
           
           References:
           C.S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor şi colab., Materiale V, 1959, p. 15 - 22.
           C.S. Nicolăscu-Plopşor şi colab., Materiale VI, 1959, p. 43 - 50.
           N. Harţuche, Pontica IX, 1976, pp.13 - 21.
           [V.V.]
           
           Cheia - Peştera "La Baba" - Cave dwelling - the cave is situated in the south part of the village of Cheia, in the place called by locals "Yellow Earth". Sizes: length - 11.60 m; width - 1.90 - 2. 45 m. In 1957 the cave was systematically researched by C.S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor and Alexandru Păunescu.
           The Gumelniţa dwelling: - Gumelniţa A1 layer (two layers: the lower one belongs to Gumelniţa 1c - 2a phases, N. Harţuche).
           - fireplaces: "two dwelling layers marked by fireplaces were identified" (N. Harţuche).
           "At the base of the Neolithic culture layer one could notice from place to place ash traces, probably from the preliminary firing of the area that was to be inhabited, in order to create an insulating layer against humidity or a "purification" one.
           The post-Gumelniţa dwelling:
           - Cernavoda I pottery fragments ("to the bottom of the cave");
           - roman level.
           
           References:
           C.S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor şi colab., Materiale V, 1959, p. 15 - 22.
           C.S. Nicolăscu-Plopşor şi colab., Materiale VI, 1959, p. 43 - 50.
           N. Harţuche, Pontica IX, 1976, pp.13 - 21.
           [V.V.]
           
           Cheia - Peştera "La Soci" - The cave dwelling - in 1956 a stratigraphical survey was carried out (S = 12 m²), by C.S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor and Alexandru Păunescu, Alexandra Bolomey.
           The dwelling earlier than the Gumelniţa culture: - Hamangia.
           The Gumelniţa dwelling: - the Gumelniţa A2 layer - "late Gumelniţa" (p. 70).
           
           References:
           E. Comşa, Revista muzeelor, 5, 1977, p. 66 - 70.
           [V.V.]
           
           Gura Dobrogei - Peştera Gura Dobrogei - Cave dwelling - the cave is situated on the right side of the stream between Târguşor and Casimcea Valley, situated in the Jurassic limestone spur. It was discovered by Vasile Pârvan (1912), identified with Keiris , researched by Radu Vulpe.
           Between 1956 - 1957 they conducted stratigraphical surveys in the galleries A (S.1) and B (S.1-2) down to -3 m.
           The dwelling earlier than the Gumelniţa culture:
           - Hamangia III layer;
           - layer with Hamangia III materials associated to the Boian IV ones.
           The Gumelniţa dwelling: - Gumelniţa A1 layer "an early phase of the Gumelniţa culture".
           "Among pottery fragments of this culture were found also a few vessel fragments containing mashed shell degreaser, some ornaments with thread (...) assigned to the Cernavodă I culture".
           
           References:
           C.S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor şi colab., Materiale V, 1959, p. 15 - 22.
           C.S. Nicolăscu-Plopşor şi colab., Materiale VI, 1959, p. 43 - 50.
           N. Harţuche, Pontica IX, 1976, p.13 - 21.
           [V.V.]
           
           Gura Dobrogei - Household - owner: Florea Ion - The settlement is situated in the south end of the village, in Florea Ion's courtyard and was mentioned following a survey (1985) conducted by: Emilian Alexandrescu, Alexandru Avram, Octavian Bounegru, Costel Chiriac. The archaeological material belongs to the Gumelniţa culture, however the phase is not specified.
           
           References:
           Em. Alexandrescu, Al. Avram, O. Bounegru, C. Chiriac, Pontica XIX, 1986, p. 243 - 252.
           [V.V.]
           
           Târguşor I - "Urs" - The settlement is situated "on the east and south slopes of a hill, bordered to the south and to the east by a stream".
           Between 1981 and 1988 the Hamangia culture settlement was researched systematically by Puiu Haşotti.
           The Gumelniţa dwelling: - Gumelniţa A2 layer: - "above the Hamangia layer occurred a thin Gumelniţa A2 one" (Puiu Haşotti).
           
           References:
           P. Hasotti, Pontica XXI - XXII, 1988 - 1989, p. 7 - 21.
           [V.V.]
           
           Târguşor II - "Sitorman" - The settlement is situated 1.2 km west from the locality of Sitorman and about 800 m east from the settlement in the location of "Urs".
           "It lies at the foot of a small hillock, with very slow slopes, having in this way a very sheltered position against winds. Nearby, at the south end of the settlement, there is a stream".
           In 1981 Puiu Haşotti and Wanda Wisoşenschi conducted a survey.
           The dwelling earlier than the Gumelniţa culture:
           Hamangia III layer: "we deal with some elements pointing to a rather late period" (p. 48).
           The Gumelniţa dwelling: - the Gumelniţa A2 layer; Cucuteni A import "in the lower part of a Cucuteni A statuette" (p. 46).
           
           References:
           P. Haşotti, W. Wisoşensch,i Pontica XVII, 1984, p. 37 - 49
           [V.V.]
           
           Palazu Mic - The settlement was identified by Adrian Rădulescu. The archaeological material belongs to the Gumelniţa culture, however the phase is not specified.
           
           References:
           E. Comşa, Revista Muzeelor, 5, 1977.
           [V.V.]

           Istria I - "The road of cows: the first clay pits" - The settlement is situated 600 m south from the village of Istria and was identified following a survey by Alexandru Avram, Octavian Bounegru, Costel Chiriac.
           The dwelling earlier than the Gumelniţa culture:- Hamangia III layer.
           The Gumelniţa dwelling: - Gumelniţa A1 layer.
           
           References:
           Al. Avram, O. Bounegru, C. Chiriac, Pontica XVIII, 1985, p. 113 - 124.
           [V.V.]
           
           Istria II - Lake Sinoe - The settlement is situated in the east-north-east end of the steep edge of lake Sinoe, about 3 km north from the fortress of Histria. Almost the whole settlement was destroyed due to the permanent landslide of the bank.
           In 1955 Emil Condurachi and Vasile Leahu conducted a stratigraphical survey in 3 sections.
           The Gumelniţa dwelling is marked by a phase A2 layer, where a dwelling was researched - "the identification of a single deeper pit coming from a dwelling and with more pottery remains complexes".
           
           References:
           E. Condurachi şi colab., Materiale, IV, 1957, p. 9 - 101 (referiri p. 56 - 59).
           [V.V.]
           
           Istria III - "Bent" -The settlement was identified by Octavian Bounegru during a survey. The archaeological material belongs to the Gumelniţa culture, however the phase is not specified.
           
           References:
           P. Haşotti, Pontica XXI - XXII, 1988 - 1989, p. 7 - 21.
           [V.V.]
           
           Istria IV - "Edge of Lake Sinoe" - The settlement was identified by Vlad Zirra during a survey. The archaeological material belongs to the Gumelniţa culture, however the phase is not specified.
           
           References:
           E. Comşa, Revista Muzeelor, 5, 1977, p. 6 - 7.
           [V.V.]
           
           Tariverde I - "Cărămidărie" - The settlement is in a "north-west area of the collective household perimeter, in the location of Cărămidărie". Between 1955 and 1956 Dumitru Berciu and Constantin Preda conducted a survey.
           The Gumelniţa dwelling is marked by a layer belonging to phase A1 Gumelniţa culture) "belonging to its Dobrudja variant in the early phase" (p. 322).
           
           References:
           D. M. Pippidi şi colab., Sect. Tariverde - D. Berciu, C. Preda, Materiale V, 1959, p. 283 - 328.
           [V.V.]
           
           Tariverde II - The settlement is situated on the north edge of Duingi stream and was identified following a survey by Alexandru Avram, Octavian Bounegru, Costel Chiriac. They remarked a Gumelniţa culture phase A2 layer; a very rich settlement.
           
           References:
           Al. Avram, O. Bounegru, C. Chiriac, Pontica XVIII, 1985, p. 113 - 124.
           [V.V.]
           
           Corbu de Jos - We must deal with a cemetery, as pointed out by the archaeological material found at the Museum of National History and Archaeology in Constanţa, researched by Valentina Voinea. A "four corner" vessel with lid (Gumelniţa A1) has the best analogies with the cemeteries at Durankulak, Varna 1 and the artifacts in the Solacolu collection.
           
           
           Piese inedite
           [V.V.]
           
           Năvodari I - (L. Taşaul) Isle of "La Ostrov" - The settlement, situated on a small isle in lake Taşaul, surface = 3 ha, was by early 20^th century four times larger, but due to the channel between the lakes Siutghiol and Taşaul, the level of the water grew a lot (from 1.50 m to over 3 m), damaging a large part of the settlement. The archaeological layers overlap directly the schist witness of the island. The sizes (1965): 120 x 250 m, H = 4 m.
           Since 1999 systematic excavations have been conducted by a team including: Silvia Marinescu - Bilcu, Valentina Voinea, Ştefan Dumitrescu.
           The dwelling earlier than the Gumelniţa culture:- by surveys they picked up a few Hamangia culture, phase III,  pottery fragments, while future researches will confirm or not the existence of a dwelling layer.
           The Gumelniţa dwelling: - the pottery fragments picked up from the base of the straightened bank and by surveys point to a Gumelniţa culture, phase A1, layer.
           In the phase A2 layer they researched the dwelling 1 with inner fittings: fireplace and pedestal, made up of schist and adobe blocks; grave 1 (uncovered inside the settlement) for whose arranging schist boulders were used; the vessel complex 1 - uncovered in the last flooded dwelling layer.
           The post-Gumelniţa dwelling: - on the stone layer covering the last flooded Gumelniţa layer they discovered a few Hellenistic and Roman pottery fragments, that do not make up a proper dwelling layer (probably simple passings).
           
           References:
           S. Marinescu - Bîlcu, V. Voinea, St. Dumitrescu, C. Haită, V. Radu, D. Moise, Pontica XXXIII (sub tipar)
           S. Marinescu - Bîlcu, V. Voinea, St. Dumitrescu, C. Haită, V. Radu, D. Moise, Analele Dobrogei (sub tipar)
           [V.V.]
           
           Năvodari II - On the edge of Lake Taşaul - the settlement situated on the edge of lake Taşaul, was identified by Mihai Irimia. The archaeological material belongs to the Gumelniţa culture, however the phase is not specified.
           
           References:
           E. Comşa, Revista Muzeelor, 5, 1977, p. 66 - 70
           [V.V.]
           
           Ovidiu - Ovidiu Island - he settlement, situated on Ovidiu island, was identified by Adrian Rădulescu. The archaeological material belongs to the Gumelniţa culture, however the phase is not specified.
           
           References:
           E. Comşa, Revista Muzeelor, 5, 1977, p. 66 - 70
           [V.V.]
           
           Palazu Mare - A rescue excavation (on the edge of lake Siutghiol) in 1964, conducted by Doina Galbenu uncovered an inhumation grave belonging to Gumelniţa A 1 phase ("Hârşova phase" - Doina Galbenu).
           The funerary inventory: three vessels and a support table, an armring, shell beads, a small chisel.
           
           References:
           D. Galbenu, Sesiunea de comunicări a Muzeelor de Istorie, 1, 1964, p. 70 - 81.
           [V.V.]
           
           Constanţa I - "Lake Tăbăcăriei" - The settlement, situated on the edge of lake Tăbăcărie (former bay of the Black Sea) was identified in 1963 by Doina Galbenu. She remarked a Gumelniţa A 1 phase layer.
           
           References:
           D. Galbenu, Sesiunea de comunicări a Muzeelor de Istorie, 1, 1964, p. 70 - 81.
           P. Haşotti, Epoca neolitică în Dobrogea, 1997.
           [V.V.]
           
           Constanţa II - Park of the Cathedral - The settlement, situated on the shore of the Black Sea, close to the port of Tomis, was identified during a systematic research of the ancient city of Tomis by Adrian Rădulescu and Constantin Scorpan.
           The Gumelniţa dwelling belongs to a phase A2 layer (Gumelniţa culture).
           
           References:
           P. Haşotti, Pontica XXI - XXII, 1988 - 1989, p. 7 - 21.
           [V.V.]
           
           Agigea - Lake Agigea - The settlement is situated on the north edge of lake Agigea (former Black Sea bay), in the east end of the city. The settlement was destroyed by the Danube - Black Sea channel works. Puiu Haşotti identified a Gumelniţa culture phase A1 phase layer.
           
           References:
           P. Haşotti, Pontica XXI - XXII, 1988 - 1989, p. 7 - 21.
           [V.V.]

           Costineşti - The settlement is situated on the Black Sea shore; the archaeological layers overlap the cliff directly. This site causes a permanent exposure of the settlement to erosion from the sea waves.
           The rescue excavations from 1963 by Doina Galbenu led to the identification of a Gumelniţa culture phase A1 phase layer ("Hârşova phase" - Doina Galbenu), very poor in materials; dwellings - "they built instead of the aboveground dwellings exposed to strong winds in wintertime, half-sunken dwellings with a stone consolidation of the upper part" (Doina Galbenu).
           The post-gumelniţa dwelling: - a Roman level
           
           References:
           D. Galbenu, Sesiunea de comunicări a Muzeelor de Istorie, 1, 1964, p. 70 - 81.
           D. Galbenu, Pontica, IV, 1971, p. 237 - 246.
           P. Haşotti, Epoca neolitică în Dobrogea, 1997.
           [V.V.]
           
           Mangalia - "La Ostrov" - The settlement, situated on an isle, was identified by Corneliu Mateescu. The archaeological material belongs to the Gumelniţa culture, however the phase is not specified.
           
           References:
           E. Comşa, Revista Muzeelor, 5, 1977, p. 66 - 70
           [V.V.]
           
           Limanu - The settlement was identified by Doina Galbenu and Octavian Bounegru. The archaeological material belongs to the Gumelniţa culture, however the phase is not specified.
           
           References:
           E. Comşa, Revista Muzeelor, 5, 1977, p. 66 - 70
           P. Haşotti, Epoca neolitică în Dobrogea, 1997.
           [V.V.]
           
           Rasova - About 3 km from the village Andrei Aricescu researched a settlement and a Gumelniţa culture grave without a specific date.
           
           References:
           E. Comşa Revista Muzeelor, 5, 1977, p. 66 - 70
           [V.V.]
           
           Adâncata "La Cişmea" - The settlement is situated on a terrace spur of the stream, now intermittent, flowing to Alimanu to Urluia - Adamclisi, about 3 km north-north-west from the former village of Adâncata, today deserted. The terrace spur on which the settlement lies was cut off the rest of the terrace by a country road - the present aspect of the site, for that reason, reminds of that of a tell. The settlement spans about 2500 m².
           Surveys were conducted:
           1993 - Mihai Irimia, George Custurea
           1994 - Cătălin Bem, Carmen Bem, Costin Tudor
           1997 - Mihai Irimia, Traian Cleante
           The pre-Gumelniţa dwelling is marked by Hamangia (probably 3) and Boian (probably Spanţov) cultures pottery fragments. The Gumelniţa culture pottery material dates from phase A2.
           The post-Gumelniţa dwelling is represented by Iron Age pottery fragments (Latene).
           
           References:
           Inedit
           [C.B.]
           
          
           
           Geangoeşti - The tell settlement lies on the territory of the village of Geangoeşti, commune of Dragomireşti (Dâmboviţa county) and has six dwelling layers, all belonging to the Gumelniţa culture. The settlement is rich in archaeological material, especially anthropomorphic clay objects of art.
           
           References:
           C. Boruga, în Valachica, 1, 1969, p. 215-226.
           
           
           
           Bucşani (I) "La Pod" - The tell lies in the Neajlov river meadow, about 75 m east of the present bed, 300 m south of the entrance to the village (on the trajectory of the linking road between the future bridge upon the Neajlov and DJ 412C).
           In 1998 rescue excavations were conducted (team: Silvia Marinescu-Bîlcu, Radian Andreescu, Cătălin Bem, Traian Popa, Mădălina Tănase) and since 1999 systematic excavations have been conducted (team: Cătălin Bem, Silvia Marinescu-Bîlcu, Traian Popa, Valentin Parnic, Carmen Bem, Adrian Bălăşescu, Constantin Haită, Valentin Radu, Florin Vlad).
           The settlement spans 64 x 55 m. The maximum stratigraphical amplitude is 2.86 m, measured from the "point 0".
           The tell has three dwelling layers, separated from one another by sterile depositions resulted from flooding - the lower one belongs to an early Gumelniţa culture phase, the other two to phase B1.
           The best researched is the upper layer (conventionally called N1) - the seven dwellings of this last Gumelniţa village are grouped in the upper area of the mound, being inscribed in a rectangle with the long side North-West-South-East oriented. The actual dwelling space is delimited on the north-east side by the walls Loc11 and Loc2 and on the south-east one by the wall and annex Loc2, the foundation pit of the settlement and the walls Loc9 and Loc1. The space that became outer in this way for this last settlement of the tell is almost sterile, as it is not used for the domestic waste disposal.
           Four out of the six dwellings researched in the upper layer were suspended, and built above a so-called "sanitary void", on a log network (unburied pillars) and beams, naturally, in order to insulate them as best as possible from humidity.
           One of the dwellings, also with the floor suspended above a void, had also a very large garret, well kept, if we take into account just the clay work above the beams of the ceiling (whose prints, parallel to the long axis of the dwelling, were found in the extant clay work  of the ceiling and in the platform of the garret), and the impressive amount of deposited vessels (one in another) in a space that has no link to that of the dwelling room itself.
           All the fireplaces and kilns researched in proportion of 50% were consecrated or consecrated again.
           A series of stone fragments (one of which a green Dobrudjan schist), many copper artifacts, a golden piece, as well as the gold sand used as degreaser (?) for making a bowl prove that, although small and apparently isolated, the Gumelniţa community that founded the last village on the tell is one that has remote links.
           In two of the surveys practised in the meadow,  15 (IX) and 55 m S (X) from the tell, Gumelniţa material were uncovered. By comparing exclusively the paste of these pottery fragments with those from the settlement, we assign them to phase B1. It is likely that we do not deal with settlements, but rather with reshuffled material.
           The post-Gumelniţa dwelling is represented by materials from the transition phase (?), the Iron Age (Hallstatt), the Bronze Age, the Scythian period, the 17^th - 19^th centuries.
           
           References:
           A. Bălăşescu, Consideraţii preliminare asupra faunei eneolitice, în S. Marinescu - Bîlcu et alii 1998, p. 99-102; C. Bem, Ultimele descoperiri gumelniţene de la Bucşani (jud. Giurgiu), Comunicare susţinută la Sesiunea Pontica, Constanţa, 5-6 noiembrie 1999; idem, A particular type of neolithical dwelling. Unicum or deficiency of conservation?, Studii de Preistorie 1, 2001, (unpublished); C. Bem, T. Popa, V. Parnic, Car. Bem, D. Garvăn, D. Bărbulescu, I. Găluşcă, Cercetări arheologice pe valea Neajlovului. Consideraţii generale asupra microzonei Bucşani, sub tipar, Studii de Preistorie 1, 2001; C. Haită, Preliminary considerations on a sedimentary sampling performed on the eneolithical Bucşani - tell, Studii de Preistorie 1, 2001, (sub tipar); Silvia Marinescu - Bîlcu, R. Andreescu, C. Bem, T. Popa, M. Tănase Şantierul arheologic Bucşani (jud. Giurgiu). Raport preliminar. Campania 1998, în AMJTA Giurgiu 3-4, 1997-1998, p. 93-98; I. Tomescu, Rezultate preliminare privitoare la flora arborescentă obţinută prin analiza materialului lemnos provenit din aşezarea eneolitică, în S. Marinescu - Bîlcu et alii 1998, p. 107-111.
           [C.B.]
           
           Bucşani (II) "La Pădure" În Osebiţi - The tell is situated in the Neajlov river meadow, about 5 m west of the present bed, 700 m north-west from the village school.
           Surveys were conducted between 1998 and 2000 - Cătălin Bem, Valentin Parnic, Carmen Bem, and in 2001 rescue excavation were conducted (survey) - Cătălin Bem, Valentin Parnic, Dragoş Neamu, Carmen Bem, Daniel Garvăn, Dan Bărbulescu, Irina Găluşcă.
           The settlements spans up to 2500 m² and maximum 2.20 maximum height at the meadow level. The last tell layer is Gumelniţa B1, undoubtedly belonging either to a contemporary horizon with the last village on the Bucşani 1 La Pod tell, or to the same community, migrating to the area.
           The only dwelling uncovered for the time being, partially researched, is entirely similar to the La Pod tell..
           The post-Gumelniţa dwelling is represented by transition phase (?) materials from the 17^th - 19^th centuries.
           
           References:
           C. Bem, T. Popa, V. Parnic, Car. Bem, D. Garvăn, D. Bărbulescu, I. Găluşcă, Cercetări arheologice pe valea Neajlovului. Consideraţii generale asupra microzonei Bucşani, Studii de Preistorie 1, 2001, (sub tipar).
           [C.B.]
           
           Dealu (III) La Zgârci - At Cărămidărie - The tell is situated in the Neajlov river meadow and spans about 4200 m² and a height from the level of the meadow of 4.10 m. The last layer is Gumelniţa B 1. The site has been destroyed in proportion of about 30% by the Neajlov waters.
           Surveys were conducted:
           1998-2001 - Cătălin Bem, Valentin Parnic, Daniel Garvăn, Dan Bărbulescu.
           
           References:
           C. Bem, T. Popa, V. Parnic, Car. Bem, D. Garvăn, D. Bărbulescu, I. Găluşcă, Cercetări arheologice pe valea Neajlovului. Consideraţii generale asupra microzonei Bucşani, Studii de Preistorie 1, 2001, (sub tipar).
           [C.B.]
           
           Dealu (VI) "Pădurea Neagră - The tell lies in the Neajlov river meadow, about 150 m north from the present bed, 1 km north - west from the entrance to the village; it is very flat.
           The archaeological materials discovered at the surface of the ground do not allow an exact dating.
           Surveys were conducted:
           2001 - Cătălin Bem, Daniel Garvăn, Dan Bărbulescu
           
           References:
           C. Bem, T. Popa, V. Parnic, Car. Bem, D. Garvăn, D. Bărbulescu, I. Găluşcă, Cercetări arheologice pe valea Neajlovului. Consideraţii generale asupra microzonei Bucşani, Studii de Preistorie 1, 2001, (sub tipar).
           [C.B.]
           
           Bucşani (XI) "La Pădure 2" Grădina lui Buric - The tell lies on the left lower terrace of the Neajlov, about 50 m south-east from the present bed, 400 m north-west from the village school and about 300 m south from the La Pădure tell. The surface is about 1000 m², and the height does not exceed 1 m from the ground level. The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to a Gumelniţa B 1 phase.
           Surveys were conducted:
           2000 - 2001 - Cătălin Bem, Dan Bărbulescu, Irina Găluşcă, Daniel Garvăn
           
           References:
           C. Bem, T. Popa, V. Parnic, Car. Bem, D. Garvăn, D. Bărbulescu, I. Găluşcă Cercetări arheologice pe valea Neajlovului. Consideraţii generale asupra microzonei Bucşani, Studii de Preistorie 1, 2001, (sub tipar).
           [C.B.]
           
           Bucşani (XII) "La Şcoală" - The temporary (?) settlement on the left lower terrace of the Neajlov, about 100 m south-east from the present bed, 100 m north-west from the village school. The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to a Gumelniţa B 1 phase.
           Surveys were conducted:
           2000 - 2001 - Cătălin Bem, Dan Bărbulescu, Irina Găluşcă, Daniel Garvăn.
           
           References:
           C. Bem, T. Popa, V. Parnic, Car. Bem, D. Garvăn, D. Bărbulescu, I. Găluşcă Cercetări arheologice pe valea Neajlovului. Consideraţii generale asupra microzonei Bucşani, Studii de Preistorie 1, 2001, (sub tipar).
           [C.B.]
           
           Bucşani (XIII) "La Izvor" - The temporary (?) settlement situated in the Neajlov river meadow, about 30 m south-west from the present bed, about 850 m east-south-east from the La Pădure tell, in the close vicinity of the only present spring in the area. The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to a Gumelniţa B 1 phase.
           Surveys were conducted:
           2000 - 2001 - Cătălin Bem, Dan Bărbulescu, Irina Găluşcă, Daniel Garvăn.
           
           References:
           C. Bem, T. Popa, V. Parnic, Car. Bem, D. Garvăn, D. Bărbulescu, I. Găluşcă, Cercetări arheologice pe valea Neajlovului. Consideraţii generale asupra microzonei Bucşani, Studii de Preistorie 1, 2001, (sub tipar).
           [C.B.]
           
           Obedeni (VII) Luncă - The tell lies in the Dâmbovnic river meadow, about 200 m from the present bed, about 1500 m north from the village. On a military topographic map, edited in 1950, there is a mound in the mentioned area. Undoubtedly, we deal with a Gumelniţa tell, today not extant.
           http://www.getty.edu/grants/research/institutions/index.html
           2001 - Cătălin Bem
           
           References:
           C. Bem, T. Popa, V. Parnic, Car. Bem, D. Garvăn, D. Bărbulescu, I. Găluşcă, Cercetări arheologice pe valea Neajlovului. Consideraţii generale asupra microzonei Bucşani, Studii de Preistorie 1, 2001, (sub tipar).
           [C.B.]
           
           Bucşani (IV) "Pepinieră 2" - A temporary (?) settlement situated on the left lower terrace of the Neajlov, about 100 m south-west from the present bed, 1100 n south-east from the La Pădure tell. .
           Judging from the pottery materials discovered above ground, it cannot be specified exactly to which Gumelniţa culture phase they belong.
           Surveys:
           2000-2001 - Cătălin Bem, Dan Bărbulescu, Daniel Garvăn.
           
           References:
           C. Bem, T. Popa, V. Parnic, Car. Bem, D. Garvăn, D. Bărbulescu, I. Găluşcă, Cercetări arheologice pe valea Neajlovului. Consideraţii generale asupra microzonei Bucşani, Studii de Preistorie 1, 2001, (sub tipar).
           [C.B.]
           
           
           
           Popeşti - The tell lies in the Teleorman river meadow, destroyed by modern interventions. The diameters were 40 m, and the height 3.20 m.
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Negreni, commune of Tătărăştii de Jos - This tell has a more special position as it is located in a kind of narrow valley, on the terrace, about 4 km east from the Teleorman valley. It is a more unusual shape, irregularly oval, with a hollow on the south-west side. The long axis, north-west-south-east oriented, is about 50 m. The north-west end is about 35 m wide, and the south-east one narrows to 10 m. The height is about 4 m.            The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to  Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Tătărăştii de Jos - The tell is located in the Teleorman river meadow, at the foot of the terrace, about 100 m from the Alexandrai - Piteşti highway. It is surrounded by marshy fields. North-west - south-east oriented, it is irregularly oval with 40 x 30 diameters and about 3 m high.            The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to  Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]

           Tătărăştii de Jos I - The tell is located in the Teleorman river meadow, at the foot of the terrace, about 700 m from the river bed, has been almost completely destroyed by modern constructions. The diameters is about 40 m.
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to  Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Slăveşti, commune of Tătărăştii de Jos II - The tell has a more unusual position being located on the terrace, about 1 km north-east from the Alexandria - Piteşti highway. It is surrounded on three sides by vegetation and marshy fields. North-west - south-east oriented, it is long oval in shape,  35 and 45 m diameters. The height is about 5 m.
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Trivale - Moşteni - The tell is located in the Teleorman river meadow, at the foot of the terrace, about 150 m from the Alexandria - Piteşti highway. It is surrounded by marshy fields and water channels. North-west - south-east oriented, it is oval in shape,40 x 35 m diameters. The height is about 5.5 m
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Perii Broşteni, commune of Olteni - The tell, lying in the wide Teleorman river meadow at the foot of the terrace is north-east, relatively round, with the diameter of about 45 m and 4 m high.
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]

           Lăceni, commune of Orbeasca - The tell lies in the Teleorman river meadow, in a wooded area, about 1 km north-east from the Alexandria - Piteşti highway. The real sizes are hard to assess as the tell is covered by dense vegetation. It is relatively oval with diameters of about 30 m north-west - south-eastwards and 35-40 m on the south-west - north-east axis. The height is about 4.5 m.
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Vităneşti, commune of Purani - The tell is located in the Teleorman river meadow, at the foot of the terrace, about 150 m south-west from the road crossing the village. It is irregularly oval with diameters of about 40/45 m and an average height of about 6 m. It is surrounded by marshy fields and water channels.
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           
           Brebina, commune of Scrioaştea - The tell located in the river  meadow at the foot of the terrace is 25 m in diameter and over 3 m in height.
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]

           Plosca - The tell lies in the Vedei Valley, near a river arm, surrounded by a marshy area. East-west oriented, it is about 65 x 55 in diameters, and about 6 m high.
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Nenciuleşti, commune of Mavrodin - A small tell located close to the terrace, relatively round with the diameter of about 25 m and over 2 m high.
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Alexandria - The tell (Alexandria - Gorgan), partially destroyed, is located on a prolongation of the terrace into the meadow. The diameter to the north-east - south-west is about 25 m, and north-west - south-east 21 m remained. The height, up to the present level of the meadow, is about 12 m (the area underwent modern interventions).
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Ţigăneşti - The tell has a more special position being located on the terrace, in an area where it descends to. The diameter on the north-south axis is about 45 m, and east-westwards about 30 m. The west slope is undergoing a strong erosion process. The height from the terrace is about 6 m.
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]

           
           BURDEI VALLEY
           
           Balaci - Two tells located in the Burdei river meadow, the first one destroyed to a large extent by the Alexandria - Piteşti highway.(18). The second one partially destroyed by an access road and modern works has the extant diameters of 22 x 15 m and a height of about 2 m (19).
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Odobeasca, commune of Drăcşenei -The large tell located in the Burdei river meadow, oval in shape, with diameters of about 100 x 50 m, over 10 m high.
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Satu Vechi, commune of Drăcşănei - Two tells of about 1.5 km one from the other in the Burdei Valley. The first one is very flattened by agricultural works, having the diameter of about 50 m, and the height of about 2 m (21). The other one is located at the foot of the terrace and is large with the long axis almost 100 m and over 10 m high (22).
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Drăgăneşti de Vede - The tell is almost round, about 45 m in diameter and about 5 m high, lying in a marshy area close to the terrace.
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
                   
           Ciolăneşti din Deal, commune of Ciolăneşti - The tell in the flooding river meadow is damaged by modern works.
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Copăceanca, commune of Călineşti - The tell probably located on a prolongation of the terrace, damaged by agricultural works. The diameters are about 35 x 40 m, the height of about 4 m.
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Călineşti - The large tell, damaged by terrace works, having an oval shape, with diameters of about 100 x 50 and a height of over 10 m.
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Tecuci, commune of Balaci (Tecuciului Valley) - The tell with diameters of about 20 m and a height of about 3 m (29).
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Alexandria - Izvoru Rece (Nanovului Valley) - Close to Alexandria there is a tell with 25 x 20 m diameters and about 2 m high (30).
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Voievoda, commune of Furculeşti (Urluiului Valley) - Close to the terrace is located a small tell with 20 x 15 diameters and about 2.5 m high (31).
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Măgura-Bran (Clăniţei Valley) - Here is one of the largest tells in the west area, with diameters of about 90 x 50 m and about 11 m high (32).
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Ziduri, commune of Mozăceni
           (Dâmbovnic Valley) - The tell is located near the terrace, has a base diameter of 45 m and a height of 2 m; it is surrounded by a ditch and an earth vallum (35).
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Licuriciu, commune of Călineşti (Tinoasa Valley) - There is a tell, destroyed by modern works; the base diameters were 60/70 m (36).
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Zâmbreasca (Valea Zâmbreasca) - Within this locality there is a tell.
           The materials uncovered by a survey conducted by Hortensia Dumitrescu belong to the Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
           
           Blejeşti (Glavacioc Valley) - There is a tell partially destroyed with a height of over 5.5 m (39).
           The materials discovered at the surface of the ground seem to point to Gumelniţa culture.
           [R.A.]
  
           
           Carcaliu - The Eneolithic settlement (situated 3 km south-east of the locality of Carcaliu, Tulcea county) was placed on a hill spur (11 m high), which can be found in the upper part as a plateau, higher and more even towards the west, inclined to a considerable extent to the east. The slope is steep in the west area and slow towards the south-east. To the west of the hill stretches up to the Danube a wide meadow, covered in the past by the river waters (that, seemingly, reached the west and south-east sides of the hill).
           The settlement was discovered in 1980, during the surveys conducted in the area, a part of a complex program that aimed at carrying out the archaeological repertoire of the Tulcea county.
           The archaeological researches conducted between 1980 and 1986 - organized and financed by the Tulcea Museum of Archaeology - partially reached their goals, that is excavating the whole settlement (the first one of this kind in northern Dobrudja) and the studying of the issues linked to the evolution of the Gumelnita communities in this location (the archaeological material has not been systematically processed, being partially published).
           At the end of the archaeological researches it could be established that the settlement had a surface smaller than 1 ha, as the cultural layer was divided into two dwelling layers from phase A2 of Gumelnita culture (the end of this culture in Dobrudja). It was mentioned that, sporadically, occurred also elements specific of the Gumelnita B1 phase. No delimitation or fortification systems were uncovered.
           Eight dwellings were researched (one in the lower dwelling layer, seven in the upper one).
          The dwelling complexes found near the dwellings belong to the category of the fireplaces, kilns (a kiln was researched near the dwelling L5), pits (some with diameters up to 2 m). 
           [C.M.]
           
           Luncaviţa - The Eneolithic tellof Luncaviţa (the location of Cetăţuia, 4 km from the present locality of Luncaviţa, county of Tulcea) lies on the edge of a terrace in the close vicinity of the Luncaviţa stream valley.
           The oldest mention of the tell of Luncaviţa comes from Pamfil Polonic the father, who, between 1892 and 1898, conducted surveys along the Danube, aiming at finding out and specifying the characteristics of the fortifications of the old Roman limes. In the spring of 1898 also the tell settlement was researched. On that occasion a design and a detailed description of the place were made.
           In 1998 he started a complex research program on the tell of Luncaviţa (as a matter of fact the only settlement of this type identified in northern Dobrudja), likely to make possible the study and understanding of the evolution of the human communities that succeeded in this place, the relationships they established with the environment and the ways they used and managed the available natural resources.
            The whole surface of the tell was divided into four large surfaces.
            In order to make a better planimetrical and stratigraphical recording, the surface S 1 was divided into 6 x 6 m sectors, with 0.50 m witnesses between them (that in their turn will be excavated while the research will go deeper), all this overlapped by a 2 x 2 m square.
           As regards the settlement our attention was drawn to two relevant areas:
           1. The dwelling complexes in the surface A1;
           2. The stratigraphical survey in the south-west area of the settlement.
           [C.M]
           
           Brăiliţa - It is a district of the city of Brăila, situated at the north end of the city, in the area where the two Danube arms join.
           The archaeological site of Brăiliţa is situated on the terrace of the Danube, around the Catagaţei ford, 1 km east from "St. Dumitru" Church and 1 km west from the left bank.
           The site was discovered in 1955, when the excavators of the former brick works uncovered the first archaeological vestiges. In the same year rescue excavations began that turned into systematic researches that lasted until 1975. The archaeological team included Nicolae Harţuche, Florian Anastasiu and Ion T. Dragomir (just a few years). From the renowned site only 10% of the initial surface has remained, found under the houses on Viilor Street.
           The Neolithic settlement included two cultural layers - the lower one dated to the Boian culture - Giuleşti phase, and the upper one dated to the Gumelniţa culture, between them a middle layer exists.
           The Gumelniţa culture layer includes two dwelling layers identified due to the dwelling complexes (aboveground dwellings, fireplaces, pits), both belonging to the  Gumelniţa culture phase A2.
           The Gumelniţa culture dwelling layers were overlapped by an inhumation cemetery dated to the transition period from the Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age, and the graves were dated by N. Harţuche to the Cernavoda 1, Cernavodă 1 and early Bronze cultures.
           
           References:
           N. Harţuche, Fl. Anastasiu, Brăiliţa, Aşezări şi cimitire omeneşti datând din epoca neolitică până în pragul orânduirii feudale, Brăila, 1968.
           N. Harţuche, Fl. Anastasiu, Catalogul selectiv al colecţiei de arheologie a Muzeului Brăilei, Muzeul Brăilei, Brăila, 1976.
           [S.P.]
           
           Însurăţei - Popina - About 7 km north from the town of Însurăţei, Călmăţui river meadow, there are two erosion witnesses on which Gumelniţa culture vestiges were identified.
           Popina I is situated 20 m from the right bank of Călmăţui river, and 100 m from a terrace spur on the left bank of the river, is 275 m long and 12 m high from the level of the meadow. The settlement spans the entire erosion witness and cuts into two unequal parts by a large ditch, excavated in the Gumelniţa A2 phase.
           The researches began in 1995 and were conducted by an archaeological team including Stănică Pandrea, Valeriu Sîrbu, Marian Neagu, Mirela Vernescu. Until now four dwelling layers from the Gumelniţa A1 and Gumelniţa A2 phases were uncovered.
           
           References:
           S. Pandrea, V. Sîrbu, M. Neagu, Cercetări arheologice în aşezarea Gumelniţa de la Însurăţei - Popina I, judeţul Brăila. Campaniile 1995 - 1999, în Istros, 9, Brăila, 1999, p. 145 - 170.
           S. Pandrea, V. Sîrbu, M. Mirea, Aşezări gumelniţene de pe Valea Călmăţuiului, în Istros, 8, Brăila, 1997, p.27 - 62.
           [S.P.]
           
           Lişcoteanca - The village of Lişcoteanca is situated on the right bank of Călmăţui, and, until the '70s of the 20^th century it was surrounded by Lişcoteanca pond. On the territory of this village four Neolithic settlements were researched. The archaeological researches were conducted by a team including Nicolae Harţuche, Florian Anastasiu, Valeriu Sîrbu and Ion T. Dragomir (a short period).
           a) Lişcoteanca - "Movila Olarului". The settlement is situated on an erosion witness in the Călmăţui river meadow, west of Lişcoteanca pond. Two dwelling layers were identified, belonging to the Gumelniţa A1 and Gumelniţa A2 phases.
           b) Lişcoteanca - "Moş Filon". The settlement was identified by a terrace spur surrounded by the former Lişcoteanca pond. The researches uncovered two cultural layers, the first one from the Boian culture - Giuleşti phase, and the second one from the Gumelniţa culture. The Gumelniţa culture layer was made up of two Gumelniţa A1 and Gumelniţa A2 phases dwelling layers.
           c) Lişcoteanca - "Movila din Baltă". The settlement built on an erosion witness situated in the middle of the Călmăţui river meadow. The researches uncovered two cultural layers, one from the Boian culture and the other from the Gumelniţa culture. The Gumelniţa culture layer was made up of two Gumelniţa A1 and Gumelniţa A2 phases dwelling layers.
           d) Lişcoteanca - "Satnoieni". The settlement is situated on a terrace spur going into the Lişcoteanca pond; two cultural layers were identified, one from the Boian culture - Giuleşti phase, and the second one from the Gumelniţa A1 phase.
           
           References:
           N. Harţuche, Cercetările arheologice de la Lişcoteanca I. Aşezarea "Movila Olarului" (1970 - 1976), în Istros, 5, Brăila, 1987, p. 7 - 90.
           S. Pandrea, V. Sîrbu, M. Mirea, Aşezări gumelniţene de pe Valea Călmăţuiului, în Istros, 8, Brăila, 1997, p.27 - 62.
           [S.P.]
           
           Cireşu - The settlement was identified on an erosion witness situated in the Călmăţui river meadow, about 200 m from the terrace on the right bank of the river. Until the '70s of the 20^th century, 1 km west from the erosion witness there was Fleaşca pond. The excavations were conducted by Valeriu Sîrbu. The researches uncovered an archaeological layer made up of dwelling complexes (aboveground dwellings, pits). The archaeological materials belong to Gumelniţa A1 phase.
           
           References:
           V. Sîrbu, Cercetările arheologice de la Cireşu, In: Istros 1, Brăila, 1981, p. 19 -32.
           [S.P.]
          
           
           Borduşani - Popină - The tell settlement is situated 2.5 km north - east from the village in Ialomiţa pond, on the Borcea arm (Danube channel). In 1962 I. Barnea conducted surveys.
           The field walking from 1980 were conducted by Silvia Marinescu-Bîlcu, Alexandra Bolomey, Nicolae Conovici, Marian Neagu.

           Since 1980 systematic excavations have been conducted:
           1980 - 1986 - Silvia Marinescu-Bîlcu, George Trohani, Gheorghe Matei,
           1987 - 1992 - Silvia Marinescu-Bîlcu, George Trohani, Dragomir Popovici, Radian Andreescu
           1992 - 1997 - Silvia Marinescu - Bîlcu, George Trohani, Dragomir Popovici, Florin Vlad, Carmen Bem, Valentina Voinea,Geanina Haită
           1999 - under research - Silvia Marinescu - Bîlcu, Dragomir Popovici, Florin Vlad
           - multidisciplinary researches from 1993 - Constantin Haită, Dragoş Moise, Adrian Bălăşescu, Valentin Radu, Mihai şi Iulia Tomescu
           The dwelling earlier than the Gumelniţa culture is attested by Boian fragments.
           The Gumelniţa dwelling - Gumelniţa A2 layer:
           - until now five Gumelniţa A2 dwelling layers were identified; 22 dwellings were wholly or partially researched, most of them unfired, with foundation ditches whose depths exceed 0.90 m, east-west oriented. The children's graves are under the dwelling floors.
           - 0.60 m, in the surface Sß a vessel complex C.1 was uncovered
           - the upper part of the Gumelniţa A2 layer was badly damaged by Getic pits and animal gangs, the tell being surrounded by forest.
           The post- Gumelniţa dwelling:
           - Cernavodă 2 pottery
           - Hallstatt B
           - Getic settlement from the end of the 2^nd century - half 1^st century - 11 dwellings (G. Trohani).
           
           References:
           S. Marinescu - Bîlcu et alii, Cercetări arheologice, X, vol. I, 1997, p. 35 - 143.
           [V.V.]