PREVENTIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCHES Alba County 1. Alba Iulia, The Roman City Apulum II - "Staţia de salvare" 2. Alba Iulia, The Roman Settlement Apulum II, Izvorului street f.n . 5. Alba Iulia, The Roman City Apulum II, Dealul Furcilor 6. Alba Iulia, The Roman City Apulum II, Dealul Furcilor 7. Alba Iulia, The Roman City Apulum II, Încoronării avenue, n o. 39 8. . Alba Iulia, The Roman City Apulum II - "Staţia de salvare", Moţilor street f.n. 10. Alba Iulia, The Roman City Apulum [Colonia Aurelia Apulensis] 11. Alba Iulia, Apulum [Colonia Aurelia Apulensis], Dacilor street, n o. 24 1. The Archaeological Site The Roman City Apulum II - "Staţia de salvare" Site code 1026.12 Locality Alba Iulia Point Moţilor street F.N. License n o 29/2003 The necessity the construction of a mall Investor SC Profi Rom Food SRL Timişoara The research period 21.04.2003 – 18.08.2003 Executive Institution National Museum of the Unification- Alba Iulia Archaeological Team: Aurel Dragotă – responsible, Constantin Inel, Cristinel Plantos, Gabriel Rustoiu Technical description Between 21. 04. – 18. 08. 2003, the rescue diggings performed at the entrance in the Alba Iulia city, near the way to Zlatna, more precisely at the intersection of Victoriei Avenue with Calea Moţilor street were continued. The researches at C. 1/2002 and S. 17/2002 = 46 m x 3 m were finished. With the purpose of a better view of the hole area were dug several sections: S. 7'/ 2003 = 16 m x 2 m, S. 19/2003 = 46 m x 3 m, S. 20/2003 = 8 m x 1,50 m, S. 21/2003 = 63 m x 2 m, S. 22/2003 = 45 m x 2 m, C. 2/2003 = 11 x 3 m, S. 23 /2003 = 10 m x 2 m, S. 24/2003, S. 25/2003 = 42 m x 2 m, S. 26/2003 = 30 m x 3 m, S. 27/2003 = 23 m x 2 m x 3 m, S. 28/2003 = 23 m x 2 m, S. 29/2003 = 23 m x 2 m, S. 30/2003 = 13 m x 2 m, S. 31/2003 = 7 m x 3 m and S. 32/2003 = 8 m x 2 m. Results From the point of view of the ritual , the 212 burials uncovered (in all 397 with the ones uncovered in 2002) in the researched area, could be divided in two categories: I) inhumation and II) cremation. I I) Within the inhumation burials were several general types: a) burials with sarcophagus from roman bricks, b) burials with the dead disposed in a simple grave, rectangular or oval in shape c.) burials with wooden coffins and d) skulls. Most of the sarcophaguses from roman bricks had been violated. The lid bricks were disturbed, and the remains of the skeletons were insufficient. In this type of sarcophaguses were disposed mainly the children (S. 17 / 2002 – M. 18; S. 24 / 2003 – M. 5, M. 32, M. 39), and fewer the adults (S. 19 / 2003 – M. 16). The sarcophaguses were oriented E – W (S. 17 / 2003 – M. 18), ENE – WSW (S. 19 / 2003 – M. 16) and NNE – SSW (S. 24 / 2003 – M. 5, M. 32). The roman bricks were glued with clay in the walls structure. Sometimes the sarcophagus basis wasn’t paved, and other times the pavement was made with the same type of bricks but a little bit larger. The brick fragments observed on top of the sarcophaguses came for certain from the lids. In light of all the evidences the lids were made in bricks arranged horizontal. The funeral inventory was made up of: bone pieces (needle, rings ) and metal ( bronze coins, a fragmentary bronze pot, destroyed probably at the time when the grave was violated). The depth of the graves was between – 0,50 m – 1,32 m. Skeletons of children (S. 19/2003 – M. 11; S. 22/2003 - M. 13; S. 24/2003 – M. 40, M. 43) and also skeletons of adults (C. 1/2002 – M. 3; S. 19/M. 18, S. 23/M. 6; S. 27/2003 – M. 11) were placed in simple graves. The shape of the grave was rectangular and in most of the cases it had been dug in the sterile soil and oriented E - V, VNV – ESE, or N – S and reverse. The depth of the graves was between– 0. 54 m – 1. 26 m. As inventory were collected: ceramic pots, rush light (CASSI), bronze rings, bronze coins, belt brackets and a buckle for the belt. Remains from the wooden coffin were preserved only in one case ( C. 2/M. 8). From a wooden coffin were also the nails and the spikes from S. 24/2003 – M. 24. Skulls were found only in two cases: M. 26 and M. 27/S. 17. Un interesting case was represented by two children skeletons ( S. 24/ 2003 – M. 31a, M. 31 b ), disposed on the SSV and NNE sides of a cremation grave with burned pit. Interesting items were found in another two simple graves, rectangular in shape, dug in the sterile soil: a roman monument (S. 17/ 2003 ), a funeral pine, a column fragment and a fragmentary statue of an eagle in limestone. ( S. 24 / 2003 ). II. ) The cremation burials were in two types: with unburned pit (rectangular, oval) and burned (rectangular or concave). The depth of the graves was between – 0. 25 m – 0. 80 m. The orientation of the graves was NW – SE, NE – SW, SSE – NNW, ESE – WNW and W – E. This type of graves had the richest inventory: ceramic pots (plates, fruit dish, one handle mug), rush lights, bronze coins, bronze rings, belt bronze pieces, fibulae, round glass mirror with lead frames, precious stones, beads, nails and iron spikes. By the inventory the cemetery could be dated between II – III. up _____________________________________________________________________ 2. The Archaeological Site The Roman Settlement Apulum II Site code 1026.12 Locality Alba Iulia Point Izvorului street , f.n. License n o 30/2003 The necessity building an antenna for a mobile phones company Investor SC Orange Romania SA Period of research 20.05.2003 - 2.06.2003 Executive Institution National Museum of the Unification- Alba Iulia Archaeological Team Radu Ciobanu - responsible Technical description Results 3. The Archaeological Site Alba Iulia - Lumea Nouă Site code 1026.05 Locality Alba Iulia Point Lumea Nouă License n o 34/2003 The necessity familiar building Investor Maria Amalia Pavel Period of research 31.03.2003 - 19.04.2003 Executive Institution University „ 1 December 1918 " Alba Iulia – The Research Center with Multiple Utilities Archaeological team Iuliu Paul – responsible, Marius Breazu, Cristian Florescu, Mihai Gligor, Gabriel Rustoiu Technical description After establishing the area assigned to the future building, conform to the documentation sent to the O.J.C.C.P.C.N. Alba, was opened Sp. I/2003, with the dimensions of 10 x 10 m. The area was divided in 9 squares of 3 x 3 m and controls in between of 50 cm thickness. Results In the entire area affected by the research was uncovered a culture level approx. 25-30 cm thick, belonging to the Petreşti culture. Between the items found were ceramic fragments, flint tools, obsidian and bone, one anthropomorphic figurine, all these being specific to the Petreşti communities. A remarkable discovery was the found of a ditch in squares 6, 8 and 9 at 0,95 m depth - in V shape, with the bottom a little bit rounded; the superior width was of 2,25 m, descended to 1,50 m, where the width was of 0,25 m. The importance of this ditch resides in the fact that was the only one discovered till the present in the Petreşti cultural area. up
4. The Archaeological Site Alba Iulia - Lumea Nouă Site code 1026.05 Locality Alba Iulia Point Lumea Nouă License n o 35/2003 The necessity familiar building Investor Traian Mariş Period of research 22.04.2003 - 31.05.2003 Executive Institution University „ 1 December 1918 " Alba Iulia – The Research Center with Multiple Utilities Archaeological team Iuliu Paul – responsible, Marius Breazu, Cristian Florescu, Mihai Gligor, Gabriel Rustoiu Technical description After establishing the area assigned to the future building, conform to the documentation sent to the O.J.C.C.P.C.N. Alba, was opened Sp II/2003, of 9 x 9 m. The entire surface was divided in 4 squares of 4 x 4 m and with controls in between of 1 m thick. Results In the entire area affected by the research was uncovered a culture level belonging to the Petreşti culture, in which was uncovered a dwelling. Underneath of that was a Vinca culture level. As important discoveries is to mention a grave in which were found 23 people buried altogether, dated by the materials (ceramic, flint blades and a copper ring), in eneolithic epoch. This was a great discovery for the Romanian researchers because of it unique character. Was also established the outlines of a hut belonging to the Vinca culture, which was used afterwards by the Petreşti artisans as pit for a pottery kiln. From this pit came a fragment of a fire grate, which belong to the kiln. up
5. The Archaeological Site The Roman City Apulum II Site code 1026.12 Locality Alba Iulia Point Dealul Furcilor, 1 Decembrie 1918 street, n o. 51 License n o 39/2003 The necessity garage building Investor A. R. Enăchescu Period of research 1.04.2003 - 5.04.2003 Executive Institution National Museum of the Unification- Alba Iulia Archaeological team: Radu Ciobanu – responsible, Gabriel Rustoiu Technical description The research were focused in two sections S. I of 7 x 1 m, S. II of 7 x 1 m, at which was added a square of 2 x 1 m, placed on the north side of S. II, between 1 and 4 meters. Results: In S. I. , oriented E-W there were no archaeological items being found. Were noticed big interventions on the land which should be tied probably with the defensive building works done for the castle and also with the occasional agricultural works. Was found still the traces of a garbage pit were the research team had discovered some roman ceramic fragments without decorations. Stratigrafic, were established some successive contemporaneous levels. In S. II , oriented E-W, was uncovered a medieval dwelling partially destroyed and several garbage pits with different types of material dated from the modern period. Inside the medieval dwelling was relatively well preserved only the outline of an oval stove of about 1,80 x 1,10 m. Was detected the west wall of the dwelling, partially destroyed by agricultural works. Under the stove pit, filled with stone blocks, were detected the outlines of an stone oven, from the early medieval period, X-XI century, belonging to the first phase of the dwelling, destroyed in a fire. On the pavement of the dwelling was observed a significant level of ash full of shells. The remains of the house were disturbed by several modern interventions on the land. up
6. The Archaeological Site The Roman City Apulum II Site code 1026.12 Locality Alba Iulia Point Dealul Furcilor, Izvorului street License n o 51/2003 The necessity familiar building Investor owner I. Petrescu Period of research 9.05.2003 - 13.05.2003 Executive Institution National Museum of the Unification- Alba Iulia Archaeological team Radu Ciobanu - responsible Technical description Results 7. The Archaeological Site The Roman City Apulum II Site code 1026.12.11 Locality Alba Iulia Point Încoronării Avenue , n o. 39 License n o 67/2003 The necessity service building Investor SC Alba Aluminiu SRL Period of research 06.06.2003 - 04.07.2003 Executive Institution National Museum of the Unification- Alba Iulia Archaeological team Vasile Moga – responsible, Radu Ciobanu Technical description Results 8. The Archaeological Site The Roman City Apulum II - "Staţia de salvare" Site code 1026.12 Locality Alba Iulia Point Moţilor street , F.N. License n o 104/2003 The necessity building a mall Investor S. C. Profi Rom Food SRL Timişoara . Period of research 21.04.2003 - 18.08.2003 Executive Institution National Museum of the Unification- Alba Iulia Archaeological team Aurel Dragotă - responsible Technical description Between 21. 04. – 18. 08. 2003, the rescue diggings performed at the entrance in the Alba Iulia city, near the way to Zlatna, more precisely at the intersection of Victoriei Avenue with Calea Moţilor street were continued. The researches at C. 1/2002 and S. 17/2002 = 46 m x 3 m were finished. With the purpose of a better view of the hole area were dug several sections: S. 7'/ 2003 = 16 m x 2 m, S. 19/2003 = 46 m x 3 m, S. 20/2003 = 8 m x 1,50 m, S. 21/2003 = 63 m x 2 m, S. 22/2003 = 45 m x 2 m, C. 2/2003 = 11 x 3 m, S. 23 /2003 = 10 m x 2 m, S. 24/2003, S. 25/2003 = 42 m x 2 m, S. 26/2003 = 30 m x 3 m, S. 27/2003 = 23 m x 2 m x 3 m, S. 28/2003 = 23 m x 2 m, S. 29/2003 = 23 m x 2 m, S. 30/2003 = 13 m x 2 m, S. 31/2003 = 7 m x 3 m and S. 32/2003 = 8 m x 2 m. Results From the point of view of the ritual , the 212 burials uncovered (in all 397 with the ones uncovered in 2002) in the researched area, could be divided in two categories: I) inhumation and II) cremation. I I) Within the inhumation burials were several general types: a) burials with sarcophagus from roman bricks, b) burials with the dead disposed in a simple grave, rectangular or oval in shape c.) burials with wooden coffins and d) skulls. Most of the sarcophaguses from roman bricks had been violated. The lid bricks were disturbed, and the remains of the skeletons were insufficient. In this type of sarcophaguses were disposed mainly the children (S. 17 / 2002 – M. 18; S. 24 / 2003 – M. 5, M. 32, M. 39), and fewer the adults (S. 19 / 2003 – M. 16). The sarcophaguses were oriented E – W (S. 17 / 2003 – M. 18), ENE – WSW (S. 19 / 2003 – M. 16) and NNE – SSW (S. 24 / 2003 – M. 5, M. 32). The roman bricks were glued with clay in the walls structure. Sometimes the sarcophagus basis wasn’t paved, and other times the pavement was made with the same type of bricks but a little bit larger. The brick fragments observed on top of the sarcophaguses came for certain from the lids. In light of all the evidences the lids were made in bricks arranged horizontal. The funeral inventory was made up of: bone pieces (needle, rings ) and metal ( bronze coins, a fragmentary bronze pot, destroyed probably at the time when the grave was violated). The depth of the graves was between – 0,50 m – 1,32 m. Skeletons of children (S. 19/2003 – M. 11; S. 22/2003 - M. 13; S. 24/2003 – M. 40, M. 43) and also skeletons of adults (C. 1/2002 – M. 3; S. 19/M. 18, S. 23/M. 6; S. 27/2003 – M. 11) were placed in simple graves. The shape of the grave was rectangular and in most of the cases it had been dug in the sterile soil and oriented E - W, WNW – ESE, or N – S and reverse. The depth of the graves was between– 0. 54 m – 1. 26 m. As inventory were collected: ceramic pots, rush light (CASSI), bronze rings, bronze coins, belt brackets and a buckle for the belt. Remains from the wooden coffin were preserved only in one case ( C. 2/M. 8). From a wooden coffin were also the nails and the spikes from S. 24/2003 – M. 24. Skulls were found only in two cases: M. 26 and M. 27/S. 17. Un interesting case was represented by two children skeletons ( S. 24/ 2003 – M. 31a, M. 31 b ), disposed on the SSV and NNE sides of a cremation grave with burned pit. Interesting items were found in another two simple graves, rectangular in shape, dug in the sterile soil: a roman monument (S. 17/ 2003 ), a funeral pine, a column fragment and a fragmentary statue of an eagle in limestone. ( S. 24 / 2003 ). II. ) The cremation burials were in two types: with unburned pit (rectangular, oval) and burned (rectangular or concave). The depth of the graves was between – 0. 25 m – 0. 80 m. The orientation of the graves was NW – SE, NE – SW, SSE – NNW, ESE – WNW and W – E. This type of graves had the richest inventory: ceramic pots (plates, fruit dish, one handle mug), rush lights, bronze coins, bronze rings, belt bronze pieces, fibulae, round glass mirror with lead frames, precious stones, beads, nails and iron spikes. By the inventory the cemetery could be dated between II – III. up 9. The Archaeological Site Alba Iulia - staţia LUKOIL Site code 1026.20 Locality Alba Iulia Point Staţia LUKOIL License n o 126/2003 The necessity Lukoil fuel station Investor S.C. VALGAB SRL-IAŞI Period of research 25.06.2003 - 2.07.2003 Executive Institution University „ 1 December 1918 " Alba Iulia – The Research Center with Multiple Utilities Archaeological team Iuliu Paul - responsible Technical description After establishing the area assigned to the future building, conform to the documentation sent to the O.J.C.C.P.C.N. Alba, the first stage of the enquiry was to make archaeogeophisics surveys, making also 4 profiles of electric tomography of the soil which covered the entire area of the research. The second stage meant digging 4 sections for stratigraphic survey with the dimensions of 2 x 2m placed on the prospecting line and outside of them. In the same time were done some surface researches. Results The results of the archaeological research leads to the conclusion of a possible short term settlement or more certain to the fact that the area researched was in vicinity of a settlement placed on a terrace and which was not affected by the constructive intentions. In the sections were found 6 small ceramic fragments, which were dated in the transition period to the bronze age. From the surface surveys came also some ceramic fragments belonging to the Petreşti culture. up
10. The Archaeological Site The Roman City Apulum [Colonia Aurelia Apulensis] Site code 1026.02 Locality Alba Iulia Point Regimentul V Vânători street , n o. 42 (cod LMI 01A0002) License n o 210/2003 The necessity familiar building Investor Laurenţiu Muncelean Period of research 27.03.2003 - 07.04.2003 Executive Institution National Museum of the Unification- Alba Iulia Archaeological team Matei Drîmbărean - responsible Technical description The rescue research was performed by digging 5 squares - C1-C5, arranged in the shape of a honey comb, having in between a control of de 1 m. Results As result of the research were found the ruins of a big building (insulae), part of the walls(Z1-Z5). The building had a heating installation (hypocaust). The pavements were executed in opus signinum technique, and also with the flagstones. The archaeological material found was specific to a familiar assign role of the building. All the discoveries dated from the II-III century A.D. 11. The Archaeological Site Apulum [Colonia Aurelia Apulensis] Site code 1026.02 Locality Alba Iulia Point Dacilor street , n o. 24 License n o 223/2003 The necessity familiar building Investor Viorel Bordea Period of research 26.09.2003 - 29.09.2003 Executive Institution National Museum of the Unification- Alba Iulia Archaeological team Matei Drîmbărean - responsible Technical description Six squares C1 - C6, having the dimensions of 1,5 x 1,5 m, oriented East-West were dug. The area researched was situated in the south-western side of the roman city. Results The situation found in the squares C1, C2, C3 was representative for the hole area researched. The levels were: 0 - 0,60 m – successive levels of contemporaneous and modern debris; -0,60 -0,90 m - the second level of the roman inhabited area, reconstruction, the first level of roman inhabited area; -0,90 -1,60 m mixed level with debris from some roman constructions; -1,60 -1,70 m – sandy soil, the sterile. 12. The Archaeological Site Alba Iulia - Lumea Nouă Site code 1026.05 Locality Alba Iulia Point Lumea Nouă License n o 245/2003 The necessity familiar building Investor Ştefan Păcurar Period of research 19.11.2003 - 25.11.2003 Executive Institution University „ 1 December 1918 " Alba Iulia – The Research Center with Multiple Utilities Archaeological team Iuliu Paul – responsible, Cristian Florescu, Mihai Gligor, Gabriel Rustoiu Technical description After establishing the exact location of the future building, conform to the documentation sent to the O.J.C.C.P.C.N. Alba, were dug two sections for stratigraphic control, arranged perpendicular, in cross: SI/2003, oriented East-West, with the dimensions of 19 x 1m, and SII/2003, oriented North-South, with the dimensions of 11 x 1m, which cut the entire area of the future building. Results During the research were no archaeological items being found. Under the black humus level, which descend to 0,55m, appeared the yellow-clayish soil, on which, as usual for this site, the Neolithic living level ended. The section descended to the depth of 0,85m. The archaeological research did confirm that the area to built was outside of the neo-eneolithic settlement from Lumea Nouă, and that the future building would not affect the archaeological site. up
|
Published: Feb., 18, 2004